Machinery and other Elements Used in Agriculture -
In previous part , discussed about the Agriculture in India and the evolution of agriculture. See that article first
In this part the discussion is about the Machinaries and other elements used in Agriculture.
In this article -Preface -
- History of Agricultural Machinaries
- Agricultural Machinaries in world
- Agricultural Machinaries in India
- All Machinaries in Detail
- Cost of Machinaries and finance
- Subsidies for Agricultural Machinaries
- Role Of Machinaries
- Uses Of Agricultural Machinaries
- Reason for machinaries to be not successfull in India
- Government Schemes for Agricultural Machinaries
- Irrigation Machinaries
Agricultural Machineries-
History of Agricultural Machinery-
The start of Agriculture is considered in Neolithic Age but its form is very different from this time . There is no any use of Agricultural Machinaries in Neolithic age . Then the primitive man started to use the tools of stone in agricultural work . Then the plough and sickle were made by blacksmiths are being used in Agricultural work.
The first agricultural machinaries industry is started in Britain in 19 th century. In 1837, John Deere and Leonard Andrus introduced the steel plows. This is made of wrought iron and it is capable to cut the soil without clogging. This is the first agriculture machine .
Then after many tools are introduced and a long time from 1837 to present, and now the form of agricultural machinery is too different of that time machinery.
In India , 1857, Robert Brus has found the axe in quarrying of Pallavaram , Madras. In Harappa civilization many evidence of agricultural machinaries have been found. The evidence of plowed fields have been found in Kalibanga Rajasthan. The evidence of mud plow have been found in Kalibanga that is agricultural tool .
Agricultural Machinery in the world and India-
- Combine Harvester
- Rotavator
- Plough
- Power harrow
- Leveler
- Disc Harrow
- Ripper Machine
- Cultivator
- Digger
- Seed Drill
- Baler
- Sprayer
- Thrasher
- Disk harrow
Agricultural Machinery in Detail -
1.Combine Harvester -
It is capable of reaping and threshing a large amount of grain in a small time . It is helpful to increase the productivity at lower cost.
Popular models -
- Preet - 987 - Self Propelled with a cutting width of 4.3 meters.
- Kartar-4000 - self Propelled with a cutting width of 4.3 meters.
- Preet-949 - self propelled with a cutting width of 2.2 meters.
3. Plough -
- Universal Mould Board Plough
- Weight - 225 - 350 kg
- Power - 35-90 hp
- Length - 1320 - 1440 mm
- width - 1130- 1410 mm
- Tillage category
- Power - more than 45 hp
- Tillage category
4. Power Harrow -
- Bucket
- Mould Board
- power - 35 - 45 hp
- Tillage width - 150 cm
- power - 25 - 65 hp
- Width - 1520 -3040 mm
- Depth - 1520 mm
- Power- 35 -50 hp
- Weight - 133 -179 kg
- RPM -540
- Used for Land Prepartion
- Power- 55 - 60 hp
- Weight- 120 -150 kg
- RPM- 520
- Power - 35 - 55 hp
- Weight - 310 -390 kg
- It is used for seeding and plantation
- Machine weight - 40 kg
- Seed carring capacity - 5 kg
- It is for wheat.
- Power - 35 hp
- It is a paddy thresher .
- Power - 35 hp
Subsidies for Agricultural Machinery -
- Blue box subsidy
- Green box subsidy
SMAM Scheme -
Role and Importance of Machinery in Agriculture -
- It helps to hasten production
- It helps to reduce fatigue of farmers.
- It decreased the human labor.
- These machines have increased the efficiency.
- It have increased the production rate .
- It helps to improve the quality of products.
- It is helpful in better use of agricultural field.
- It gives the better quality of work.
- It helps farmers to grow more crops with less work and time.
- Sub mission on agricultural mechanization
- National Food security Mission
- Yantra Lakshmi Scheme
- Agricultural mechanization Program, Tamilnadu
- Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna
Uses of Agricultural Machinery-
- Leveler is used to level the surface of field.
- Cultivator is used for ploughing the field.
- Combine harvester is used reaping and threshing. It is also used for winnowing.
- Sprayer is a equipment used to apply herbicides , pesticides , insecticides and liquid fertilisers.
- Seed drills are used to panetrate the seed inside the soil. It panetrates the mixture of seed and fertiliser in the soil.
- Mowers is used to cut the grass that grows on the ground .
- Digger is used to dig pits for sowing seeds and palntation.
- Plough cuts the uppermost layer of soil and bring fresh nutrients on the top layer of soil . It helps crops root to panetrate deep in the soil .
- Thresher is used to isolate grain from husk.
- Sprinkler Irrigation
- Drip Irrigation
- Surface irrigation
- Manual Irrigation
- Pipes
- Flow control devices
- Pipe connectors
- Water lifting device
- Water emitters
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